About Counterfeiting
Why are counterfeit components such an issue?
Counterfeit goods of all types have had a significant
detrimental effect on the UK economy for some time and could be
costing £30bn and 14,800 jobs. The increasing volume of
counterfeit electronic components entering the UK is of
particular concern to UK -based electronic component and
original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The consequences of
counterfeiting of electronic components are particularly
pervasive for a number of reasons:
More
- The consequences of system down-time or even critical
system failure where counterfeit components are used in
safety critical applications, such as public transport, are
potentially catastrophic
- Failure analysis often investigates the causes of
failure at board (or lowest replaceable unit) level and may
not detect a counterfeit component
- Business relationships within the supply chain may be
severely damaged and disputes may result in legal action
especially to recover the cost of consequential loss
liability including loss of revenue, profit, jobs and
potential damage to reputation. The loss of royalties where
intellectual property (IP) is counterfeited is particularly
important to the UK electronics industry
- Component users may have unwittingly used non-RoHS
compliant devices in a RoHS process, or more critically,
safety-critical RoHS exempt applications such as avionics
may have unwittingly used RoHS compliant devices in a
non-RoHS process in contravention of EC legislation passed
into law in 2006.
The Alliance for Grey Market and Counterfeit Abatement
(AGMA), based in the USA, estimates that, in 2006, up to 10% of
technology products sold worldwide were counterfeit, which
amounted to US$100bn of sales revenues. However, this does not
take into account consequential losses. In 2007, the US Patent
and Trademark Office estimated that total ‘counterfeiting and
piracy (activity) drains about US$250bn out of the US economy
each year and 75,000 jobs.’ The Counterfeiting Intelligence
Bureau estimates that counterfeiting accounts for between 5-7%
of world trade, worth an estimated $350 billion a year.
The volume of counterfeit electronic goods is increasing
rapidly. The US Patent and Trademark Office stated that, ‘in
2006, in terms of seizures – which is going to under-account for
the real amount (of counterfeit goods) – 5% of the total value
seized was consumer electronics. In 2007, it was 9%. Footwear
and apparel are number one and two, followed by pharmaceuticals
and electronics.’
In June 2007 the Organisation for Cooperation and Economic
Development (OECD) released a report entitled ‘The Economic
Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy’ which stated that ‘up to
US$200bn of international trade could have been in counterfeit
or pirated products in 2005’ and, if EU produced goods and
Internet transactions were included, ‘could well be several
hundred billion dollars more.’
Orgalime, the European Engineering Industries Association,
states that, ‘even if it were to reach a level of only 1% for
the engineering products, this would represent an annual loss of
over €10bn to the European engineering industry.’
There are no comparable figures for the UK. However, we
should have every reason to assume that the consequences of
counterfeit goods to the UK economy are proportionate to those
already identified in the USA and across the European Community.
Taking the US Patent and Trademark Office estimates,
proportionately, counterfeiting could be costing the UK economy
£30bn and 14,800 jobs.
In the UK, as in the USA, while the volume of locally
manufactured consumer electronics is relatively small, there is
still a vibrant and highly innovative electronics sector
specialising in the design and manufacture of professional,
industrial and high-reliability electronic systems and equipment
that is vulnerable to the problem of counterfeit electronic
components.
The consequences of counterfeiting of electronic components
are particularly pervasive for a number of reasons:
- While environmental system testing should detect
counterfeit components, functional testing may not.
In-service failure is often costly to rectify in any
application but the consequences of system down-time or
even critical system failure where counterfeit components
are used in safety critical applications, such as public
transport, could be catastrophic
- Failure analysis in many applications often investigates
the causes of failure at board (or lowest replaceable unit)
level and may not detect a counterfeit component as the
cause. Although analysis using a specialist test facility
usually detects fault at component level, many OEMs may
consider it uneconomic to do so
- Often, counterfeits are made of components that are
difficult to source through official channels, which often
forces component users to source parts through unofficial
channels – the ‘grey market’ – through which counterfeit
components invariably get into the supply chain. Sourcing of
genuine parts, especially to replace failed counterfeit
components, is invariably problematic
- Business relationships within the supply chain may be
severely damaged and disputes may result in legal action
especially to recover the cost of consequential loss
liability including loss of revenue, profit, jobs and
potential damage to reputation. The loss of royalties where
IP is counterfeited is particularly important to the UK
electronics industry for companies such as ARM and CSR where
the bulk of their revenue comes from this source
- Component users may have unwittingly used non-RoHS
compliant devices in a RoHS process, or more critically,
safety-critical RoHS exempt applications such as avionics
may have unwittingly used RoHS compliant devices
in a non-RoHS process in contravention of EC
legislation passed into law in 2006.
Where are counterfeit components coming from and what is
being done to stop it?
Increased levels of global trading and, in particular, the
increase in manufacturing operations in low cost regions such as
Asia and Eastern Europe, in part as a result of off-shoring from
relatively high cost regions, has enabled the proliferation of
counterfeit goods as there appears to be little cultural concern
regarding or legislative protection of Intellectual Property
(IP) in those low cost regions.
In the electronics industry in particular, the supply network
of OEMs has increased in complexity, in many cases spanning
multiple partners spread around the globe. Controlling the
activities of partners in this complex supply network, in a
market where there is constant competitive pressure to reduce
manufacturing costs, has become increasingly difficult. There is
anecdotal evidence, for example, of ‘unofficial’ production runs
of components that have taken place in original component
manufacturers’ offshore facilities, which are then passed off in
the grey market. More
More worryingly, these unofficial production runs can and
frequently do find their way into the franchised supply chain.
The ever-lengthening of the supply chain provides an increasing
number of process steps where counterfeit devices can be
inserted. The theft and high-jacking of work in progress
material, that is being trans-shipped from one facility to
another, happens frequently and this material is then processed
and finished outside of the OEM’s supply chain. Growth in the
use of the internet as a trading platform has also increased the
speed and ease with which buyers and sellers conduct
transactions, which are often conducted with very little
knowledge of each others' organisations and without verbal, let
alone face-to-face, contact.
The RoHS Directive in Europe has led many large electronic
component manufacturers to produce both compliant and
non-compliant versions of their products. In response to
changing demand, many electronic component manufacturers no
longer produce non-RoHS compliant components, which has made
component sourcing difficult for OEMs who are exempt from the
RoHS Directive. At the same time, the rapid increase in demand
for RoHS compliant components generated short-term shortages
and, in some cases, the total discontinuation of certain
components. In both cases, an increasing number of components
have been sourced on the grey market, which has further
encouraged the proliferation of counterfeit components.
Technology now exists to optically copy semiconductors and
create a layout design from this copy at lower cost than using
previous technology, which makes it increasingly profitable and
therefore likely that the range and volume of counterfeit
components will further increase in the future. Companies doing
business in China are especially vulnerable to the problems of
counterfeit components in China. The British Electrotechnical
and Allied Manufacturers' Association (BEAMA) states that ‘China
remains a problem area as 95% of counterfeit products that
potentially could kill are made there.’
In the past, only limited types of companies were licensed to
export products from China. However, since the lifting of the
state monopoly on export trading rights in December 2003,
exports of counterfeit goods have increased. The Quality Brands
Protection Committee (QBPC) based in China, is an association of
enterprises with investment in China, which works with the
Chinese government to promote greater protection of IPR. QBPC
members include Cisco, Epson, General Electric, Hewlett Packard,
Intel, Motorola, Nokia, Philips and Sony.
In 2007, Orgalime, the European Engineering Industries
Association, joined a joint EU – China Working Group comprising
EC officials, European industry representatives and Chinese
administration officials, whose objective is to resolve IPR
issues across a broad range of products. While the majority
of counterfeit goods originate today in China, there is evidence
that counterfeit components are produced in other Far East
countries, Eastern Europe and even in the USA. In any case, it
should be anticipated that supply has the potential to move to
other countries, such as Brazil, India and Russia, to meet
growing demand or even if IP enforcement were tightened in China
and other countries where counterfeiting is already taking
place.
What type of components are being counterfeited?
The following list is drawn from several sources and
demonstrates, not only the wide range of components that are
known to be subject to counterfeiting, but also that the
counterfeiting of relatively low unit cost components is
considered to be profitable. Although, the majority of industry
activity appears to be focused on the counterfeiting of
semiconductors, other component types are also subject to
counterfeiting. Please note this is not a comprehensive list –
new component types, not listed here, are being added to the
counterfeiters’ list on a regular basis: More
- Amplifiers
- Batteries
- Capacitors (ceramic chip, electrolytic, tantalum)
- Circuit breakers
- Comparators
- Connectors
- CPUs
- Diodes
- DRAMs and DRAM modules
- Ferrites
- Filters
- Inductors
- Lead-free solder
- Linear ICs
- Mil spec semiconductors
- MOSFETS
- NVSRAM modules
- Opto couplers
- Programmable logic devices
- Power and power management devices
- Potentiometers
- Printed circuit boards
- Resistors
- Radio Frequency ICs
- Software
- Thermistors
- Transistors
How are components being counterfeited?
The following list, adapted from a report on the Counterfeit
Components Symposium and Workshop, November 2006 by IGG and an
article entitled ‘Dealing with the problems of piracy’ by Adam
Fletcher of AFDEC in Component in Electronics, December 2007,
illustrates the range of counterfeiting activities and the
difficulties faced by component users in trying to detect
components that may be counterfeit, bearing in mind the large
number of different component types, different shipments and
different suppliers that even relatively small companies have to
deal with: More
- Components marked or stamped as Lead Free are
actually PbSn (lead tin) or were PbSn but are stripped and
re-plated with pure Sn (tin)
- Components with gross manufacturing errors such as no
die inside or wires
- Components with a different manufacturer’s die to
that indicated by external marking
- Components with original component manufacturer (OCM)
markings
- made by an authorised OCM offshore site no longer under
their control
- made by an unauthorised manufacturer
with original component manufacturer markings and / or
recent date code, may use cheaper or incorrect materials
including plastics or plating
- made by licensed
offshore facility but marked as more expensive part
- may be parts not electrically tested and/or non functioning
reclaimed failures
- may be unauthorized product
overruns with no classification testing
- Copyright
infringement
- stolen masks used to build product in
unauthorized factories
- stolen designs of an entire
product by de-processing parts
- optical copying and
generation of masks without making improvements or
innovations to the original design
- Document
falsification – the provision of forged Certificates of
Conformance (C of C) and other documents purporting to
provide evidence of traceability or even falsely claiming
devices to have higher performance capability of
specification
- Recycled components are counterfeit
if sold as new but may in any case be ESD-damaged during
clean-up
- Re-marked components
- incorrectly
marked for example to pass off as a more expensive military
or industrial spec part or part with higher electrical
performance
- incorrectly marked to pass off non RoHS
compliant parts as compliant or vice-versa
- date
code updated
- Unmarked surface-mount component
visually unidentifiable
Where can I read more?
The following is a selection of useful articles, papers, presentations and publications on the issue of counterfeit components, in descending date
sequence (most recent first): More
If you are aware of any other useful articles, papers presentations or publications on counterfeiting that you think should be listed here please contact us.
Anti-counterfeit trade deal planned for September
Press Release by EurActive - 23 August 2010
http://www.euractiv.com/en/infosociety/anti-counterfeit-trade-deal-planned-september-news-497049?
French Customs and ST Microelectronics collaborate on successful raid on counterfeiters
Article by UK Electronics Alliance - 20 July 2010
http://www.ukelectronicsalliance.org.uk/content/view/335/76/
Plymouth Council fined after waste electrical goods from the City ends up in the wrong hands
Press release by Environment Agency - 11 June 2010
http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/news/120115.aspx
Counterfeit Crimes
Article by David Mantey, Editor, Product Design & Development - 2 June 2010
http://www.pddnet.com/article-david-mantey-counterfeit-crimes-060210/
EDS 2010 Discussion Series: Counterfeit Parts
Video by Engineering TV - 1 June 2010
http://www.engineeringtv.com/video/EDS-2010-Discussion-Series-Coun
NEDA, ECA merge, target counterfeit components
Article by Suzanne Deffree, EDN - 11 May 2010
http://www.edn.com/article/457302-NEDA_ECA_merge_target_counterfeit_components.php
GAO uncovers use of counterfeit parts in military equipment
Article by Congress Daily - 29 April 2010
http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0410/042910cdpm1.htm
Senators call on Pentagon to better detect and prevent counterfeit parts
Article by Roxana Tiron , The Hill - 29 April 2010
http://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/95087-senators-call-on-pentagon-to-better-detect-counterfeit-parts
Fake Electronic Parts Invading Growing Markets
Article by Masahide Kimura, Nikkei Electronics - 22 April 2010
http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/NEWS_EN/20100422/182072/
Fake, rattle and roll
Article by Aerospace Manufacturing - 15 April 2010
http://www.aero-mag.com/_img/pics/pdf_1270043061.pdf
Distributors take action against counterfeit components
Article by Nuclear N Former - 6 April 2010
http://www.nuclearcounterfeit.com/?p=2058
Distributors fight counterfeit components
Article by Rob Spiegel, EDN - 6 April 2010
http://www.edn.com/article/457610-Distributors_fight_counterfeit_components.php
Voltimum and GAMBICA sign Industry Charter Combating Counterfeiters
Press release by BEAMA - 29 March 2010
http://www.beama.org.uk/en/news/index.cfm/anti-counterfeit-industry-charter
DOD Should Leverage Ongoing Initiatives in Developing Its Program to Mitigate Risk of Counterfeit Parts
Report by United States Government Accountability Office - 29 March 2010
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10389.pdf
Supply Chain Counterfeiters: The Rise of Fake Parts
Article by Jane Busch, Enterprise Irregulars - 8 Mar 2010
http://www.enterpriseirregulars.com/14476/supply-chain-counterfeiters-the-rise-of-fake-parts/
DOD Should Leverage Ongoing Initiatives in Developing Its Program to Mitigate Risk of Counterfeit Parts
Report by US Government Accountability Office
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10389.pdf
Fighting a Flood of Counterfeit Tech Products
Article by Rachael King, Business Week - 1 March 2010
http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/feb2010/tc20100228_486251.htm
Debunking Common Myths About Counterfeits
Article by Peter Hlavnicka, Business Week - 1 Mar 2010
http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/mar2010/tc2010031_985059.htm
Green Tech Gone Fake
Article by Rachael King, Business Week - 1 June 2010
http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/mar2010/tc2010031_107938.htm
Counterfeit electrical products can kill
Article by BEAMA
http://www.beama.org.uk/en/news/index.cfm/counterfeit-electrical-products
What you get when you buy a £25 iPhone down the pub
Blog by Steve Cassidy, PC Pro - 19 February 2010
http://www.pcpro.co.uk/blogs/2010/02/19/what-you-get-when-you-buy-a-25-iphone-down-the-pub/
U.S.: Fake parts threaten electronic market
Article by Bolaji Ojo, EE Times - 17 February 2010
http://www.eetimes.com/news/semi/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=222900688
U.S.: Fake parts threaten electronic market
Article by Bolaji Ojo, EE Times - 17 February 2010
http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4087628/U-S--Fake-parts-threaten-electronic-market
HP Bans E-Waste Exports From Rich Nations to Developing Ones
Article by Environmental Leader - 15 February 2010
http://www.environmentalleader.com/2010/02/15/hp-bans-e-waste-exports-from-rich-nations-to-developing-ones/
The Counterfeiting Epidemic -How to Avoid Fake Parts
Powerpoint Presentation by Brian Hughitt and Daniel DiMase, NASA - 9 - 10 February 2010
http://pmchallenge.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/2010/Presentations/Hughitt.DiMase.pdf
NEDA targets counterfeit components with return guidelines
Article by Suzanne Deffree, EDN - 4 February 2010
http://www.edn.com/article/CA6716510.html
NXP and Intrinsic-ID collaborate to raise the bar in chip security
Press release by NXP and Intrinsic-ID - 20 January 2010
http://www.intrinsic-id.com/news/?id=34
MVP Micro boss jailed for trading of fake components
Article by Evertiq - 15 January 2010
http://www.evertiq.com/news/15977
California Operations Manager for MVP Micro, Inc. Pleads Guilty in Connection with Sales of Counterfeit High Tech Parts to the U.S. Military
Press release by the U.S. Department of Justice - 20 November 2009
http://www.cybercrime.gov/felahyPlea.pdf
The Rise of Counterfeiting
Article by John P. Brown, ECN - 23 November 2009
http://www.ecnmag.com/News/2009/11/The-Rise-of-Counterfeiting/
Hot chips
Article by Chris Shaw, New Electronics - November 2009
http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/article/20605/Cover-story-Hot-Chips.aspx
IPR Enforcement Report 2009
Report by Commission of the European Communities - October 2009
http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2009/october/tradoc_145204.pdf
ST strengthens counterfeit protection with the new AuKey
Article by Components in Electronics - 16 November 2009
http://www.cieonline.co.uk/news/fullstory.php/aid/565/ST_strengthens_counterfeit_protection_with_the_new_AuKey_.html
IECQ ECMP and IEC TC 107 build stronger ties
Article by International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC)
http://www.iec.ch/online_news/etech/arch_2009/etech_1209/ca_3.htm
Lifting the lid on counterfeiting today
Article by Mark Rinehart, Electronics Sourcing - November 2009
http://content.yudu.com/Library/A1hmqc/ElectronicsSourcingN/resources/index.htm
Old trick threatens newest weapons
Article by John Markoff, New York Times - 26 October 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/science/27trojan.html?_r=1
Industry leaders met yesterday at the Anti Counterfeiting Forum organised by UKEA and the Electronics Component Supply Network (ECSN)
Article by Chris Shaw, New Electronics - 16 October 2009
http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/article/20237/Electronics-industry-unites-against-counterfeiters.aspx
Feds Arrest Three Suspects on Counterfeit Components Charges
Article by Dirl Dusharme, Quality Digest - 15 October 2009
http://www.qualitydigest.com/inside/fda-compliance-news/feds-arrest-three-suspects-counterfeit-components-charges.html
Three indicted for counterfeit IC sales to US Navy
Article by Suzanne Deffree, EDN - 13 October 2009
http://www.edn.com/article/CA6701761.html?nid=3351&rid=8449996
Customs Experts Meet to Curb Semiconductor Counterfeiting
Press release by World Semiconductor Council - 24 September 2009
http://www.eeca.eu/data/File/WSC%20anticounterfeiting_release_240909.pdf
Suspect/Counterfeit Electronic Components and Risk Mitigation
On-line presentation by Rick Stanton, Symetrics Industries LLC - 23 September 2009
http://www.ipc.org/imaginationarticle.aspx?aid=Suspect-Counterfeit-Electronic-Components-and-Risk-Mitigation
Counterfeits and the U.S. Industrial Base
Presentation by Mark H Crawford, US Office of Technology Evaluation
http://www.ncix.gov/comm_workforce_dev/Crawford-CounterfeitBriefing-General-September2009.pdf
Counterfeit electronic components: Who is responsible?
Article by John P. Brown, Evertiq - 20 August 2009
http://www.evertiq.com/news/14880
Counterfeit products in EU: increase of 126% from 2007 to 2008
Article by Anke Schroter, evertiq - 2009
http://www.evertiq.com/news/14787
The high price of low cost fakes
Article by Paul Wolfe, EMT Worldwide - 3 August 2009
http://www.emtworldwide.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=26755
Website addresses counterfeit component problem
Article by Chris Shaw, New Electronics - 29 July 2009
http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/article/19367/Website-addresses-counterfeit-component-problem.aspx
The international market for Brand Protection solutions
Presentation by Jeremy Plimmer and James Bevan, Vandagraf International – June 2009
http://www.ukelectronicsalliance.org.uk/component/option,com_docman/task,cat_view/gid,97/Itemid,9/
Portable fluorescent counterfeit detector technology license
Article by CIE Online - 14 April 2009
http://www.cieonline.co.uk/cie3/ViewArticle.asp?ArtID=21530&CatID=1
Counterfeit components find new markets
Article by Rob Spiegel, EDN - 9 April 2009
http://www.edn.com/article/CA6648803.html
Counterfeit component introduction & testing—goods in inspection not a thing of the past!
Article by Global SMT & Packaging - 6 April 2009
http://www.globalsmt.net/content/view/6452/106/
NASA Satellites Get 'Counterfeit' Parts; Taxpayers Pay
Article by Ned Potter, ABC News - 7 March 2009
http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=7026399&page=1
NASA official says counterfeit parts a growing problem
Article by Stewart M. Powell, Houston Chronicle - 5 March 2009
http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/headline/nation/6295545.html
Counterfeit components remain a huge electronics supply chain problem
Article by Rob Spiegel, Electronic Business - 3 March 2009
http://www.edn.com/article/CA6641177.html
Cutting risk of counterfeit components
Article by Henry Parker, Electronics Weekly - 2 March 2009
http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2009/03/02/45562/cutting-risk-of-counterfeit-components.htm
Counterfeit parts
Article by Christopher Meyer, CIE Online - 10 February 2009
http://www.cieonline.co.uk/cie3/ViewArticle.asp?ArtID=20791&CatID=1
New for old
Article by Tim Elliott, CIE Online - 9 February 2009
http://www.cieonline.co.uk/cie3/ViewArticle.asp?ArtID=20776&CatID=1
Supply chain toolkit - protecting your IP rights
Publication by the UK Intellectual Property Office - January 2009
http://www.ipo.gov.uk/ipctoolkit.pdf
U.S. Government finds thousands of counterfeit electronics from China in avionics weapon supply chain
Article by Richard A. McCormack. Manufacturing & Technology News - 17 November 2008
http://www.manufacturingnews.com/news/08/1117/counterfeitelectronics.html
One bad apple
Article by Tom Valliere, CIE Online - 3 November 2008
http://www.cieonline.co.uk/cie3/ViewArticle.asp?ArtID=20681&CatID=5
The Counterfeit Electronic Components Minefield
Publication by the Component Obsolescence Group - first published November 2008
http://www.cog.org.uk/PDF/booklets/Counterfeit%20Minefield%20Issue%201%20November%202008%20(sample).pdf
Industrial property rights conference Strasbourg 16 to 17 October 2008 - conclusions
Paper by the Council of the European Union and the Directorate-General for the Internal Market and Services of the European Commission - 17 October 2008
http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/indprop/docs/conf2008/conclusions_en.pdf
Dangerous fakes - how counterfeit, defective computer components from China are getting into U.S. warplanes and ships
Article and video by Brian Grow, Chi-Chu Tschang, Cliff Edwards and Brian Burnsed, Business Week – 2 October 2008
http://images.businessweek.com/ss/08/10/1002_counterfeit_narrated/index.htm
How counterfeit microchips make their way from China to the Pentagon
Slide show by Brian Burnsed, Business Week – 2 October 2008
http://images.businessweek.com/ss/08/10/1002_counterfeit_narrated/index.htm
Countering China’s counterfeit components
Article by Suzanne Deffree, EDN – 16 July 2008
http://www.edn.com/blog/690000269/post/860030086.html
Commerce Department Undertakes Study of Counterfeit Electronics
Press release by the Bureau of Industry and Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce
http://www.bis.doc.gov/news/2008/bis_press07082008.htm
Underwriters Laboratories Introduces New Holographic Label to Combat Counterfeiters
Press Release by Underwriters Laboratories - 25 June 2008
http://www.ul.com/global/eng/pages/corporate/newsroom/storyideas/anticounterfeiting/
Special Report: Dissecting the Counterfeit electronic Component Problem
Report by Tom Valliere, Design Chain Associates - 6 June 2008
http://www.designchainassociates.com/pdf/srcf3.pdf
SIA looks to combat counterfeit electronic components
Article by Purchasing Staff, Purchasing - 5 June 2008
http://www.purchasing.com/article/221330-SIA_looks_to_combat_counterfeit_electronic_components.php
What is the threat of counterfeit components?
Article by Lloyd Francis, Alter Technology Group - Monday 14 April 2008
http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2008/04/14/43512/what-is-the-threat-of-counterfeit-components.htm
Counterfeit electronic components - overview and observations from recent counterfeit detection experiences
PowerPoint Presentation by Henry Livingston, BAE Systems - 3 April 2008
http://www.asq.org/asd/cqsdi/2008/ppt/15-livingson-updated-cqsdi-baesystems-counterfeit-components.ppt
Counterfeit electronic parts
PowerPoint Presentation by Brian Hughitt, NASA - April 2008
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/codeq/trismac/apr08/day2/hughitt_NASA_HQ.pdf
Counterfeit components are threat to UK industry
Article by Richard Wilson, Electronics Weekly - 3 March 2008
http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2008/03/03/43209/counterfeit-components-are-threat-to-uk-industry.htm
How Fake Is Your PC?
Article by Mike Elgan, Datamation - 29 February 2008
http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/columns/executive_tech/article.php/3731191/How-Fake-Is-Your-PC.htm
U.S., EU Announce Joint Operation in Combating Pirated Goods
Press Release by the United States Mission to the European Union - 22 February 2008
http://useu.usmission.gov/Dossiers/IPR/Feb2208_Operation_Infrastructure.asp
Defending against counterfeit electronic parts and gray market practices
Paper by Rochester Electronics - January 2008
http://www.rocelec.com/downloads/Rochester_Anti-Counterfeit_Paper_Jan2007.pdf
Managing eounterfeiting in the supply chain - part 2
Article by Diane Trommer - 2007
http://www.distributioninsider.eetimes.com/managingCounterfeiting2.jhtml;jsessionid=PRVDV4KET35Y0QSNDLPSKHSCJUNN2JVN
Dealing with the problems of piracy
Article by Adam Fletcher, AFDEC - December 2007
http://www.cieonline.co.uk/cie2/articlen.asp?id=18626&pid=1750
Managing counterfeiting in the supply chain - part 1
Article by Diane Trommer - 2007
http://www.distributioninsider.eetimes.com/managingCounterfeiting.jhtml
Counterfeits continue flooding supply chain
Article by Diane Trommer - 2007
http://www.distributioninsider.eetimes.com/managingCounterfeiting.jhtml
Counting the Cost of Component Counterfeiting
Article by EMT Worldwide - 29 October 2007
http://www.emtworldwide.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=11812
The battle over counterfeit goods
Article by Ed Sperling, Electronic Business, interview with Margaret Peterlin, U.S Patent and Trademark Office - 10 October 2007
http://www.edn.com/article/CA6488501.html
Effects of counterfeiting on EU SMEs and a review of various public and private IPR enforcement initiatives and resources
Report by to the Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General Directorate B1, Development of industrial policy - 31 August 2007
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/enterprise_policy/industry/doc/Counterfeiting_Main%20Report_Final.pdf
Virtual panel discussion: Counterfeit electronic components
Article by EngineerIT - August 2007
http://www.eepublishers.co.za/images/upload/Virtual%20panel%20disc.pdf
The scourge of high tech
Article by John Keller, Military & Aerospace Electronics - July 2007
http://mae.pennnet.com/display_article/298418/32/ARTCL/none/none/1/The-scourge-of-high-tech/
Avoid counterfeit electronics components
Article by James Carbone, Purchasing - 14 June 2007
http://www.purchasing.com/article/CA6450781.html
Avoiding Counterfeit Electronic Components – Part 2
Report by Henry Livingston, BAE Systems Electronic Warfare and Sensor Systems - 15 May 2007
http://www.aerospac.com/counterfeit.pdf
Avoiding Counterfeit Electronic Components
Report by Henry Livinston, IEEE - 1 March 2007
https://www.verical.com/about/resources/docs/IEEE_-_Avoiding_Counterfeit.pdf
Legal Issues and Resolving Disputes With Counterfeit Components
Paper by Laurence E Pappas - 26 February 2007
http://www.equalityprocess.com/Presentations/Presentation-CounterfeitComponents.pdf
Counterfeit Electronic Components - A Growing Concern
Article by Mark Tayles, Canadian Electronics - February 2007
http://www.enablertech.com/documents/Feb-2007CanadianElectronics-CounterfeitComponents-Agrowingconcern_000.pdf
Protect against counterfeit parts and grey market problems
Article by Rochester Electronics - January 2007 (go to page 13 online)
http://www.electronics-sourcing.co.uk/magazinearchive/2007/january/
Counterfeits continue flooding supply chain
Article by Diane Trommer - 2007
http://www.distributioninsider.eetimes.com/CounterfeitsFloodSupplyChain.jhtml;jsessionid=MM1XWBUFELWZWQSNDLOSKH0CJUNN2JVN
Managing counterfeiting in the supply chain – part 1
Article by Diane Trommer - 2007
http://www.distributioninsider.eetimes.com/managingCounterfeiting.jhtml
Counterfeit!
Article by Brad Thompson, Test & Measurement World - 1 February 2005
http://www.tmworld.com/article/CA500057.html
Beware counterfeit electronic components
Article by Dataweek - 7 April 2004
http://www.dataweek.co.za/article.aspx?pklArticleId=2922&pklCategoryId=31
Combating counterfeiting
Publication by Orgalime - October 2001
http://www.orgalime.org/publications/guides/counterfeiting_guide_en.pdf
Countering counterfeit parts, part 1 - a supply chain guide for the worst-case scenario
Article by Distribution Insider - undated
http://distributioninsider.electronicproducts.com/articles/countering_counterfeit_parts.php
Countering counterfeit parts, part 2 - getting fake parts and forgers off the streets
Article by Distribution Insider - undated
http://distributioninsider.electronicproducts.com/articles/countering_counterfeit_parts_2.php
Counterfeit electronic components - an overview
Paper by Robert K Lowry, Oneida Research Services Inc. - undated
http://www.ors-labs.com/pdf/MASH07CounterfeitDevice.pdf